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世上最美麗的古城之一:敘利亞北部古城 阿勒坡 Aleppo

阿勒坡古城(ALEPPO)位於敘利亞(SYRIA)西北部的阿勒坡盆地中央,坐落在地中海和美索不達米亞之間以及底格里斯河和幼發拉底河之間的新月形沃地的北部,距離大馬士革以北350公里,是絲綢之路的最西端。

1988年聯合國教科文組織將阿勒坡古城作為文化遺產,列入《世界遺產名錄》。
阿勒坡幾乎有和大馬士革同樣悠久的歷史,作為敘利亞的第二大城市,早在4000多年以前就已成為重要的商業中心。這裡連接著南歐、南亞次大陸和北非以及阿拉伯平島。自古希臘、古羅馬時期,歷代的戰略要地和交通中心都設於此地。
傳說古時候,猶太人和阿拉伯人的始祖亞伯拉罕曾來到阿勒坡,他把自己奶牛上擠出的牛奶,分發給當地的窮人。直至現在阿勒坡的阿拉伯語稱呼仍為Habab,就是“牛奶”的意思。



城中保留有12世紀建立的宗教學院、城牆和古代軍事城堡。今為工業城市,有絲織、棉印染、毛皮、果品等工業,也是農產品、手工業的交易中心 。處於國際公路網上 ,有伊斯坦布爾-巴格達鐵路通過,也有機場。建有綜合大學、國家博物館,是文化中心。
市內有許多名勝古蹟和清真寺。多石灰岩建築 ,有「白色阿勒坡」之稱。
公元前18世紀,阿勒坡已是重要帝國的首都。大約公元前1595年,赫提人入侵巴比倫王國時從安納托里亞人手里奪走阿勒坡。公元前738年,亞述人佔領了此地。在亞歷山大大帝死後,阿勒坡歸入塞琉西王朝,而後在公元前65年被羅馬統治。後來阿勒坡被阿拉伯人征服並且在傣馬亞王朝統治之下開始了一段繁榮時期。

大馬士革落入東方人手中之後不久,阿勒坡也難逃此劫難。在公元10世紀時,阿勒波作為獨立的漢達尼德公國的首府進入了黃金時代。
260年它被蒙古人佔領,但隨即又由埃及馬穆魯克軍隊奪回。
公元1516年,阿勒坡被奧斯曼王朝征服。 19世紀中葉,蘇伊士運河開鑿後命運漸漸衰落。各個王朝的統治給阿勒坡留下了各個歷史時期燦爛的文化,特別是它保存下來的阿拉伯文化更是聞名於世。
除著名的阿勒坡衛城以外,古城內還保留有眾多頗具文化價值的景點,就連車輛難以通行的古老街巷,也足以使人留連忘返。
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圖片來源:Pinterest
文字摘自:中國清真網、網上資源
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